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This two-manual harpsichord is one of the last made by the Kirckman firm, which, alongside the rival Shudi-Broadwood firm, dominated English harpsichord making for most of the eighteenth century. Joseph Kirckman, head of the firm from about 1790, was the grand nephew of its founder, Jacob Kirckman, an Alsatian cabinetmaker of Swiss extraction, who, along with Burkat Shudi, had learned the trade from Hermann Tabel, himself an immigrant to London from the Low Countries. Shortly after Tabel’s death in 1738, Kirckman married his widow, thereby gaining possession of the master’s stock and business.
In design, construction, and disposition, the Kirckman harpsichord of 1798 is of the standard English model, already to be found in a surviving Tabel harpsichord made in 1721. It has the typical two-manual disposition of five-octave FF-f3 compass (61 notes), lower manual with 8’ and 4’ registers, a "dogleg" 8’ shared by both keyboards, a nasal ("lute") 8’ on the upper, and a buff stop to the lower-manual 8’.
In addition, there are two pedals: a machine stop and a Venetian swell. The first, as it is pressed down, turns off the 4’ and dogleg 8’ registers while the lower-manual solo 8’ remains in the on position and the upper-manual nasal 8’ is engaged.
With the swell pedal, the player can control the volume by opening and closing a set of louvers over the soundboard. This instrument, with its palette of color much wider than that offered by the typical French or Italian harpsichord, epitomizes the bold, rich tone for which English harpsichords have long been noted.
Literature: Richard Buchmayer, "Cembalo oder Pianoforte?," Bach-Jahrbuch (1908), pp. 64-93 (especially p. 65).
"Important Acquisitions of 1983 Await New Galleries," Shrine to Music Museum Newsletter, Vol. XI, No. 2 (January 1984), pp. 1-3.
André P. Larson, The National Music Museum: A Pictorial Souvenir (Vermillion: National Music Museum, 1988), p. 44.
Darcy Kuronen, "Keyboard Instruments at The Shrine to Music Museum," Early Keyboard Studies Newsletter, Vol. VI, No. 1 (October 1991), p. 7.
Donald H. Boalch, Makers of the Harpsichord and Clavichord 1440-1840. Third edition, edited by Charles Mould (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), p. 457.
Luisa Morales, Soler and Scarlatti in London: A Selection of Blended Sonatas (Almeria, Spain: FIMTE, 2006). CD.
Charles Mould, "Kirkman (Kirckman)," The Harpsichord and Clavichord: an Encyclopedia, Igor Kipnis, editor (New York: Routledge, 2007), p. 292.
John Koster, "Traditional Iberian Harpsichord Making in its European Context," Galpin Society Journal 61 (2008), pp. 24, 67.
Michael Latcham, "The Instrument of Many Colours Made by Tadeo Tornel in Murcia, 1777," in Domenico Scarlatti en España / Domenico Scarlatti in Spain, Luisa Morales, ed. (Garrucha, Almería, Spain: Asociación Cultural LEAL, 2009), pp. 241-297 (especially fig. 2).
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